耦合生態服務的國土空間煤礦廢棄地生態修復理論研究框架

任雪冰 李曉丹

摘要

截止到2018年，全國廢棄礦山共有98834，廢棄礦山損毀土地面積約63萬多公頃，這其中煤炭廢棄地約占60%。鑒于煤礦開采對生態環境產生的重大影響，使得生態系統在數量和質量上均遭到嚴重破壞，國土空間生態安全受到顯著威脅，煤礦廢棄地的生態修復迫在眉睫。

黨的十九大報告將國土空間用途管制和生態保護修復上升到了國家戰略的高度，并強調二者相互依存、密不可分。總結之前的煤礦廢棄地修復理論與實踐案例，可以發現目前針對煤礦廢棄地生態修復的理論認知在整體工作流程及邏輯框架方面還有所欠缺。煤礦廢棄地的生態修復是國土空間生態修復的重要一環，需要綜合考慮煤礦廢棄地生態修復的特殊性。這個過程不僅僅是生態系統質量的改善，更是生態文明戰略架構下對社會-生態協同發展的引導，即將過去依托資源承載力的社會經濟增長轉變為強化生態恢復力的人地協同可持續發展。

因此，根據人類社會與生態系統之間以生態服務流為紐帶形成的反饋機制，本文基于國土空間“要素-格局-過程-服務”的聯系框架及空間耦合關系，對煤礦廢棄地生態修復從基本內涵、修復目標、研究尺度、修復模式4個方面闡釋其理論研究框架。該框架從區域生態系統服務的視角，在深入闡明生態系統服務與社會經濟發展之間內在聯系的基礎上，以區域生態安全格局的構建為主體，形成對煤礦廢棄地生態修復的邏輯認知到規劃方法的理論架構，完善了當前以單一目標為核心的煤礦廢棄地生態修復理論。以期為新時期國土空間生態修復從區域自主治理走向全域空間設計提供科學支撐。

任雪冰，中國礦業大學（北京）博士研究生，北方工業大學講師；
李曉丹，中國礦業大學（北京）教授，博士生導師。

Coupling Ecosystem Services and Ecological Restoration Theory of  Coal Mines Wasteland in view of Territorial space

Xuebing REN，Xiaodan LI

Abstract

As of 2018, there are 98834 abandoned mines in the country, and the damaged land area of abandoned mines is about 630,000 hectares, of which coal mines wasteland accounts for about 60%. In view of the great impact of coal mining on the ecological environment, the ecological system has been seriously damaged in quantity and quality, and the ecological security of territorial space has received a significant threat, the ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is imminent.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) raised to the height of national strategy on the land and space use control and ecological restoration , and stressed that the two aspects are interdependent and inseparable. Based on the early theory and practice of coal mines wasteland restoration, we can find that the theoretical cognition of ecological restoration of coal mine wasteland is still deficient in the whole work flow and logical framework. Ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is an important part of land and space ecological restoration, it is necessary to consider the particularity of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland. This process is not only the improvement of ecosystem quality, but also the guidance of social-ecological coordinated development under the strategic framework of ecological civilization. That means transforming the social and economic growth relying on the carrying capacity of resources into the coordinated and sustainable development of people and land to strengthen  Ecological resilience.

Therefore, according to the feedback mechanism formed by ecological service flow between human society and ecosystem, this paper explains the theoretical research framework of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland from four aspects: basic connotation, restoration target, research scale and restoration mode, based on the link frame of "factor-pattern-process-service" and spatial coupling relationship. From the perspective of regional ecosystem services, on the basis of the in-depth elucidation of the internal relationship between ecosystem services and social and economic development, this framework takes the construction of regional ecological security pattern as the main body to form a theoretical framework of logical cognition to planning methods for ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland, and consummates the ecological restoration theory of coal mines wasteland with single goal as the core. This provides scientific support for the  ecological restoration of territorial space from regional autonomous governance to global space design in the new period.

Xuebing Ren, Ph.D., China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing; Lecturer, North China  University of Technology;

Xiaodan Li, Professor, China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing, Ph. D. supervisor.